À€The antiaflatoxigenic and antifungal activities of essential oils (EOs) of finger root (Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.), pine (Pinus pinaster), rosewood (Aniba rosaedora), Siam benzoin (Styrax tonkinensis), Thai moringa (Moringa oleifera), and ylang ylang (Cananga odorata) were tested for Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus in potato dextrose broth. Jantapan, Kittika Poapolathep, Amnart Imsilp, Kanjana Poapolathep, Saranya Tanhan, Phanwimol Kumagai, Susumu Jermnak, Usuma Inhibitory Effects of Thai Essential Oils on Potentially Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus.
parasiticus strains are present in the maize culture throughout Hungary posing a potential threat to food safety. In spite of the fact that aflatoxins have rarely been detected in feeds and foods in Hungary, aflatoxigenic A. parasiticus strains were found in the soil of the regions Southern Great Plain and Southern Transdanubia and in a maize sample of the region Western Transdanubia. Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus strains were isolated from all the seven regions of Hungary. parasiticus strains were able to synthesize aflatoxins. Based on morphological characteristics and the sequence analysis of the partial calmodulin gene, all isolates proved to be Aspergillus flavus, except four strains, which were identified as Aspergillus parasiticus. Fungi belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated in the ratio of 26.9% and 42.3% from soil and maize samples in 2013, and these ratios decreased to 16.1% and 34.7% in 2014. Our aim was to screen the presence of aflatoxigenic fungi in maize fields throughout the seven geographic regions of Hungary. SebÅ‘k, Flóra Dobolyi, Csaba Zágoni, Dóra Risa, Anita Krifaton, Csilla Hartman, Mátyás Cserháti, Mátyás Szoboszlay, Sándor Kriszt, Balázsĭue to the climate change, aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species and strains have appeared in several European countries, contaminating different agricultural commodities with aflatoxin. But some of the newer bright LEDs are fairly bright at 6mA.Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains in Hungarian maize fields. For more current, you could use transistors on each output as shown in the drawing above, (10 Channel LED Sequencer). Note that the 4017 counter will not deliver much current, and so the LED current is set to about 6mA using a 1.5K resistor in series. Thus we get 18 total counts, 9 from the first counter, and 9 from the second. When the left counter turns over and pin 3 again moves high, the sequence will repeat. As the left side counter advances, pin 3 will be low so that clock pulses cannot advance the right counter. When the right counter reaches the 10th count, pin 11 will move high enabling the AND gate on the right to pass the clock pulse to the left side counter. The 2 diodes (1n914) and 15 resistor form a AND gate so the clock pulse will be passed to the right side counter when the sequence starts. When power is applied, the 15K resistor and 10uF cap at pin 15 will reset the counters to the zero count where pin 3 is at +12 and all other outputs are at zero.
The LED sequencer below shows a possible solution using a few extra parts.
The question sometimes comes up of how to cascade 4017 decade counters for more than 10 sequencial stages.